【大問３ 適語補充】
Answer the questions in Sections A and B.
Section A: Read the text and choose the best option from a - d for questions 1 - 6.
There is ( I ) paradox at the heart of the Internet. The Internet technical platform is a highly controlled and regulated environment. It is almost certainly ( II ) largest example of a commonly agreed technical solution that depends upon everyone using the same technical standards, with 1 billion unique users and probably another billion with access to it. The content expressed ( A ) Web pages, e-mails, and increasingly social networking sites built on this platform is often perceived to be a wildly unregulated environment, portrayed as a kind of virtual Wild West, with everyone joining in ( III ) gold rushes of the dot-com boom and e-commerce, showing little respect for the rules. The popular media emphasizes the evil purposes to ( B ) it is put, including financial scams, pornography, terrorism, and unreliable medications to improve sexual performance. Almost without ( IV ) exception, when a major scandal, ( C ) a network of pedophiles or a terrorist group, is uncovered, they will have used the Internet in some form to communicate. They will also certainly have used other means such as telephones, mobile and fixed line, but these seem to attract ( D ) negative attention. The Internet is often implied to be encouraging people to commit crimes, ( C ) The Sun headline from 14 October 2009: “A PREGNANT mother of eight who is the latest alleged pervert seized over a Facebook pedophile ring is a SECOND nursery nurse, The Sun can reveal.” According to the security firm Symantec, ( B ) obviously has a vested interest in talking up the story, spam e-mails now ( E ) 86% of global e-mails (October 2009). Many of these spam e-mails are designed to extract personal details in order to facilitate identity theft in the practice known as phishing.
Alan Gillies. Internet Regulation and Censorship.
1. In which blanks from I - IV is the word 'a' or 'an' most likely used?
a. I only
b. I and II only
c. I, III, and IV only
d. II and III only
2. Which of the following best fits in the blank labeled A?
a. around
b. through
c. of
d. to
3. Which of the following best fits in the two blanks labeled B?
a. that
b. where
c. this
d. which
4. Which of the following best fits in the two blanks labeled C?
a. however
b. for example
c. since
d. but
5. Which of the following best fits in the blank labeled D?
a. all
b. the
c. much
d. less
6. Which of the following best fits in the blank labeled E?
a. include in
b. combine
c. account for
d. determine
Section B: The five paragraphs [A] - [E] given below make up a passage but are not properly ordered. Moreover, the five sentences (1) – (5) in paragraph [A] are not properly ordered, either. Read the passage and choose the best option from a - d for questions 7 and 8.
[A]
(1) This means that we're accepting anxiety into our world, not turning it away.
(2) What is interesting about this approach is that one doesn't suppress the anxiety, or try to turn it into
something else.
(3) A number of studies have shown mindfulness meditation to be an effective treatment for anxiety
disorders.
(4) The key to these forms of assistive technologies seems to be then to allow ourselves to experience a
certain amount of anxiety without becoming debilitating.
(5) Rather, one simply notices the anxiety, acknowledges it, labels it, and then turns the focus elsewhere.
[B] Another powerful technology, this one using only breath and awareness, is mindfulness meditation practice (also useful for depression). The practitioner sits in a comfortable position in a chair or on a pillow with feet flat on the floor and back straight. Then, for a period of twenty to thirty minutes or more, she trains her attention on the breath. Perhaps focusing on the rising or falling of the belly, or on the rush of air through the nostrils, she stays in the "now" with the incoming and outgoing of breath.
[C] There is a range of assistive technologies that can help people cope with anxiety. One form of assistive technology is available to help individuals with specific phobia or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This technology uses virtual-reality computer hardware and software to help desensitize users to their fears by providing them with a gradual exposure to the feared object.
[D] If the mind should wander, the practitioner simply notices what she is experiencing and then returns her attention to the breath. For example, if her mind thinks about some shopping she needs to do later, she would simply notice what she is thinking and perhaps say to herself, "planning, planning," and then return her focus to the breath. For people who are highly anxious, using this technique gives them an opportunity to gain some distance from their experience. If they start to worry about some future event, they can simply label what they're experiencing (“worrying, worrying”), and then go back to being aware of their breathing. The breath serves as an anchor for awareness, and pure awareness is ultimately free of anxiety.
[E] Using a platform and a headset, the person is immersed in a computer-generated environment (both audio and visual) designed to reproduce the real-world setting (e.g., an airplane for fear of flying, an elevator for fear of heights, a combat situation for a person with PTSD). Then the individual is gradually exposed to stimuli from the setting until they get used to that level of stimulation, after which the level is increased in a series of steps. Eventually, the user becomes habituated to the stimuli so that they can take a plane flight or maintain their calm in a hectic environment without triggering PTSD symptoms.
Armstrong T. The Power of Neurodiversity.
7. Which of the following shows the best (most coherent) sentence order for paragraph [A]?
a. 1–5–3–4–2
b. 2–3-4-1-5
c. 3–2–5–1-4
d. 4–3–5–2–1
8. Which of the following shows the best (most coherent) paragraph order for the passage?
a. A-C-D-B-E
b. B-C-D-E-A
c. C-E-B-D-A
d. D-C-E-A-B
【大問３ 適語補充 解答】
Section A
1. a
2. b
3. d
4. b
5. d
6. c
Section B
7. c
8. c
【大問３ 適語補充 完成文】
Section A
There is a paradox at the heart of the Internet. The Internet technical platform is a highly controlled and regulated environment. It is almost certainly the largest example of a commonly agreed technical solution that depends upon everyone using the same technical standards, with 1 billion unique users and probably another billion with access to it. The content expressed through Web pages, e-mails, and increasingly social networking sites built on this platform is often perceived to be a wildly unregulated environment, portrayed as a kind of virtual Wild West, with everyone joining in the gold rushes of the dot-com boom and e-commerce, showing little respect for the rules. The popular media emphasizes the evil purposes to which it is put, including financial scams, pornography, terrorism, and unreliable medications to improve sexual performance. Almost without exception, when a major scandal, for example a network of pedophiles or a terrorist group, is uncovered, they will have used the Internet in some form to communicate. They will also certainly have used other means such as telephones, mobile and fixed line, but these seem to attract less negative attention. The Internet is often implied to be encouraging people to commit crimes, for example The Sun headline from 14 October 2009: “A PREGNANT mother of eight who is the latest alleged pervert seized over a Facebook pedophile ring is a SECOND nursery nurse, The Sun can reveal.” According to the security firm Symantec, which obviously has a vested interest in talking up the story, spam e-mails now account for 86% of global e-mails (October 2009). Many of these spam e-mails are designed to extract personal details in order to facilitate identity theft in the practice known as phishing.
Section B
[C] There is a range of assistive technologies that can help people cope with anxiety. One form of assistive technology is available to help individuals with specific phobia or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This technology uses virtual-reality computer hardware and software to help desensitize users to their fears by providing them with a gradual exposure to the feared object.
[E] Using a platform and a headset, the person is immersed in a computer-generated environment (both audio and visual) designed to reproduce the real-world setting (e.g., an airplane for fear of flying, an elevator for fear of heights, a combat situation for a person with PTSD). Then the individual is gradually exposed to stimuli from the setting until they get used to that level of stimulation, after which the level is increased in a series of steps. Eventually, the user becomes habituated to the stimuli so that they can take a plane flight or maintain their calm in a hectic environment without triggering PTSD symptoms.
[B] Another powerful technology, this one using only breath and awareness, is mindfulness meditation practice (also useful for depression). The practitioner sits in a comfortable position in a chair or on a pillow with feet flat on the floor and back straight. Then, for a period of twenty to thirty minutes or more, she trains her attention on the breath. Perhaps focusing on the rising or falling of the belly, or on the rush of air through the nostrils, she stays in the "now" with the incoming and outgoing of breath.
[D] If the mind should wander, the practitioner simply notices what she is experiencing and then returns her attention to the breath. For example, if her mind thinks about some shopping she needs to do later, she would simply notice what she is thinking and perhaps say to herself, "planning, planning," and then return her focus to the breath. For people who are highly anxious, using this technique gives them an opportunity to gain some distance from their experience. If they start to worry about some future event, they can simply label what they're experiencing (“worrying, worrying”), and then go back to being aware of their breathing. The breath serves as an anchor for awareness, and pure awareness is ultimately free of anxiety.
[A]
(3) A number of studies have shown mindfulness meditation to be an effective treatment for anxiety disorders.
(2) What is interesting about this approach is that one doesn't suppress the anxiety, or try to turn it into something else.
(5) Rather, one simply notices the anxiety, acknowledges it, labels it, and then turns the focus elsewhere.
(1) This means that we're accepting anxiety into our world, not turning it away.
(4) The key to these forms of assistive technologies seems to be then to allow ourselves to experience a certain amount of anxiety without becoming debilitating.
質問と回答を書きこむ
質問と回答