【第４問－A】
次の文章はある説明文の一部である。この文章と表を読み、下の問い(問１～４)の[マーク３３]～[マーク３６]に入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれ下の①～④のうちから一つずつ選べ。
Art may reflect the ways people lived. Researchers have discussed how art portrays clothing and social settings. One study was conducted to determine if this idea could be extended to paintings featuring family meals. The results of this study might help illustrate why certain kinds of foods were painted.
The researchers examined 140 paintings of family meals painted from the years 1500 to 2000. These came from five countries: the United States, France, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands. The researchers examined each painting for the presence of 91 foods, with absence coded as 0 and presence coded as 1. For example, when one or more onions appeared in a painting, the researchers coded it as 1. Then they calculated the percentage of the paintings from these countries that included each food.
Table 1 shows the percentage of paintings with selected foods. The researchers discussed several findings. First, some paintings from these countries included foods the researchers had expected. Shellfish were most common in the Netherlands' (Dutch) paintings, which was anticipated as nearly half of its border touches the sea. Second, some paintings did not include foods the researchers had expected. Shellfish and fish each appeared in less than 12% of the paintings from the United States, France, and Italy although large portions of these countries border oceans or seas. Chicken, a common food, seldom appeared in the paintings.
Third, some paintings included foods the researchers had not expected. For example, among German paintings, 20% of them included shellfish although only 6% of the country touches the sea. Also, lemons were most common in paintings from the Netherlands, even though they do not grow there naturally.
センター2019 第４問A 絵画に描かれた食物の統計
Comparing these results with previous research, the researchers concluded that food art does not necessarily portray actual life. The researchers offered some explanations for this. One explanation is that artists painted some foods to express their interest in the larger world. Another is that painters wanted to show their technique by painting more challenging foods. For example, the complexity of a lemon's surface and interior might explain its popularity, especially among Dutch artists. As other interpretations are possible, it is necessary to examine the paintings from different perspectives. These are the period in which the paintings were completed and the cultural associations of foods. Both issues will be taken up in the following sections.
(Brian Wansink (2016) Adapted from "
Food Art Does Not Reflect Reality: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Meals in Popular Paintings")
問１
For the category “Apples" in this research, a painting with two whole apples and one cut in half would be labeled as [マーク３３] .
① 0
② 1
③ 2
④ 3
問２
According to Table 1, the paintings from [マーク３４] .
① France included apples at a lower percentage than the German ones
② France included cheese at a higher percentage than the Dutch ones
③ Italy included bread at a lower percentage than the American ones
④ Italy included onions at a higher percentage than the German ones
問３
According to the passage and Table 1, [マーク３５] .
① chicken frequently appeared in the American paintings because people there often ate chicken
② fish appeared in less than one tenth of the Italian paintings though much of Italy lies next to seas
③ lemons appeared in more than half of the Dutch paintings as they are native to the Netherlands
④ shellfish appeared in half of the paintings from each of the five countries because they touch seas
問４
According to the passage, foods in these paintings can [マーク３６] .
① demonstrate the painters' knowledge of history
② display the painters' desire to stay in their countries
③ indicate the painters' artistic skills and abilities
④ reflect the painters' love of their local foods
【第４問－B】
以下にのある地域の城に関する案内を読み,次の問い(問１~４)の[マーク３７]～[マーク４０]に入れるのに最も適当なものを、それぞれ下の①～④のうちから一つずつ選べ。
問１ [マーク３７]
What is a common characteristic of all four castles?
① Amount of damage
② Displays of pictures and weapons
③ Histories of more than 500 years
④ Purposes of construction
問２ [マーク３８]
Three guitar club members from Grandlefolk University want to give a concert one afternoon in April. Which castle are they most likely to choose?
① Crestvale Castle
② Holmsted Castle
③ King's Castle
④ Rosebush Castle
問３ [マーク３９]
Teachers at one school want to take their students to Grandlefolk one Saturday in May. The purpose is to expand the students' knowledge of the area's history by visiting castles and listening to explanations from the castle staff. Which two castles are the teachers most likely to select?
① Crestvale Castle and Holmsted Castle
② Crestvale Castle and King's Castle
③ Rosebush Castle and Holmsted Castle
④ Rosebush Castle and King's Castle
問４ [マーク４０]
A mother, father, and their two children, ages 4 and 8, will visit one of the castles in Grandlefolk for one day in September and want to see fine arts. How much will it cost?
① €14
② €17
③ €20
④ €25
Castles in Grandlefolk
Crestvale Castle
This ruined 13th-century castle, built to defend the northern border of Grandlefolk, is currently being studied by researchers. During the open season, except on Sundays, guides explain what the research is revealing about local history.
Holmsted Castle
Holmsted Castle, built in the 12th century to protect the southern border area, fell into ruin in the 16th century. At the entrance, signboards explain its history. This castle's open spaces are suitable for performances.
King's Castle
Dating back to the 11th century, King's Castle is one of the grandest in the country. Its large collection of paintings and furniture provide a look at the area's past. Guides are available every day.
Rosebush Castle
Though called a castle, this perfectly preserved 15th-century building was constructed purely as a family home. From Mondays to Fridays, guides tell the story of the family's history and explain their collection of modern sculptures. Some of its rooms are available for public events.
センター2019 第４問B 城の料金表
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