早稲田大学 商学部 傾向対策解答解説 2019問題2

早稲田大学 商学部 傾向対策解答解説 2019問題2

早稲田大学 商学部 傾向対策解答解説 2019問題2

早稲田大学 商学部 傾向対策解答解説 2019問題2

早稲田大学商学部の英語過去問2019年の問題解答解説全訳です。受験生の入試対策のためにプロ家庭教師が出題傾向を分析します。


【問題】

2019年 問題

【形式】

: 適語補充+文章理解+英文和訳

【表題】

: もし出勤時のメールが労働時間に算入されたら What if Emailing During Your Commute Counted as Work

【作者】

: パルコ・カラス Palko Karasz.

【対策】

: 説明文。長文を読み進めながら適語補充し、まとめて内容理解が問われます。問題2から問題5は同じ形式となります。文章内容は、スマートフォンが当たり前になった社会で、通勤時間は労働時間として計算すべきかどうかを議論しています。英語に加えて、労働法の理解があると、文章が読みやすくなります。

【用語】

: 通勤時間 労働法 デジタルオフ

【目安時間】

: 20分

早稲田大学商学部への合格対策カリキュラムをプロ家庭教師に指導依頼できます。

スポンサーさん

早稲田商学部 2019問題2


【問題2 文章読解】


次の英文を読み、下記の設問に答えよ。

Should commuting hours count as part of the workday? This suggestion was made by university researchers in England who studied the commuting habits of thousands of business people.

It's no secret that the expansion of Wi-Fi on trains, planes and automobiles has led to the de facto expansion of the working day, tying employees to their electronic devices as they send and receive countless work emails after clocking out from their jobs.

Work-life balance has been a popular catchphrase of the modern era, in which employers provide a range of (1)perks for their employees to get rid of the accumulated stress. But amid the emphasis on wellness programs come alarming tales like that of a 31-year-old Japanese worker who amassed more than 159 hours of overtime in one month and worked herself to death. Officials there and in other countries have moved to crack down on overworking.

Last year, France, which already has a 35-hour workweek, introduced a law requiring large companies to give their employees “the right to disconnect” and block email when they are off duty.

Similar limits have been tested in Germany, where in 2013 the Labor Ministry ordered its supervisors not to contact employees ( イ ) office hours. And in 2011, Volkswagen began shutting off its company cellphone network at the end of the workday, stopping some employees in Germany from sending or receiving email.

In Britain, workers spend an hour on average getting to and from their jobs - more in and around London – but not everyone is able to be ( ロ ) in a busy rail car, where the temptation of computer games may be too strong.

Over 40 weeks in 2016 and 2017, the research team at the University of the West of England studied 5,000 commuters who traveled up to 250 miles a day for work on two busy lines that run northwest from London to Birmingham and Aylesbury. The workers were scrutinized for their use of free wireless internet on the routes. The team found that (A)commuters were using their time on the train to get work done. The longer the route, the more work was being accomplished. Fifty-four percent of commuters on the longer route, Birmingham to London, and 36 percent on the shorter one, Aylesbury to London, were checking and sending work-related emails during the trips.

Dr. Jain, a researcher at the University of Bristol, said the study was still in its (2)exploratory stage. Any changes in the length of the workweek would have to come from the British government.

But several European countries have proposed regulatory changes to take account of longer commutes and the seemingly (3)permanent availability of mobile internet. And a court case decided before a European legal commission last year could affect how working time is calculated across the continent. The commission ruled that in Norway, some employees could count their commute as working time – the ( ハ ) being that while they may not be, strictly speaking, working, they are at the disposal of their employer.

This summer, France's highest court ordered a British company to pay one of its workers in France 60,000 euros (more than 70,000 dollars) in compensation, after the company required employees to have their phones on at all times to answer questions and complaints from clients and subordinates. “The right to disconnect is reminding everyone that we ought to have a reasonable attitude to new technologies,” said Ms. Sabbe-Ferri, a lawyer in Paris. “Having access to the internet around the clock ( ニ ) we should be working all the time.”


Palko Karasz. What if Emailing During Your Commute Counted as Work



設問1 次の1から4について、本文の内容にもっとも合うものを(a)~(d)からそれぞれ1つ選び、マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。


1. Based on this article, which of the following statements is true?

(a) Companies in Germany abuse their employees by forcing them to work at home on their mobile devices.
(b) Death from overwork is still a common occurrence in the corporate world and some governments have largely ignored the problem.
(c) Examples in Germany, France and Japan demonstrate that modern technology has made work-life balance easier to achieve than in the past.
(d) Today, while many companies try to improve their working conditions, examples of overwork persist.

2. Which of the following statements accurately describes measures taken in Germany to help employees maintain a work-life balance?

(a) A private company made it impossible to use work-related email except during established business hours.
(b) Efforts have been made in both private and public sectors to limit the use of email during office hours.
(c) The first action to restrict the use of corporate email was undertaken by the German government to be followed two years later by a private company.
(d) The government and the private sector have been cooperating to pass laws requiring employers to use their best judgment when sending email to staff.


3. The results of the study undertaken by the University of the West of England show that

(a) a considerable minority of travelers between Aylesbury and London are engaged in personal communication while on the train.
(b) approximately a third of all passengers on a longer route try to catch up on work while traveling
(c) many commuters spend time on the train playing video games since the rail cars get too busy to do any work effectively.
(d) there is a positive correlation between the amount of work done on the train and the time spent getting to the destination.


4. What is so significant about the decision of the European legal commission?

(a) It has allowed certain employees to claim the time they spend getting to their workplace and back as the time spent in the office.
(b) It has forced the business world to change its attitude towards the use of new technologies.
(c) It has made it more difficult for the employers to require their workers to be at their disposal at all times.
(d) It has resulted in a number of high-profile legal cases, notably in France, in which employees demanded additional pay.


設問2 下線部(1)–(3)の意味にもっとも近いものを(a)~(d)からそれぞれ1つ選び、マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。

(1)
(a) benefits
(b) designations
(c) measures
(d) references

(2)
(a) critical
(b) decisive
(c) initial
(d) pivotal

(3)
(a) uncertain
(b) uninterrupted
(c) unresolved
(d) unstable


設問3 空所( イ )~( ニ )を埋めるのにもっとも適当なものを(a)~(d)からそれぞれ1つ選び、マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。

(イ)
(a) demanding
(b) outside
(c) regarding
(d) within

(ロ)
(a) ambitious
(b) entrepreneurial
(c) productive
(d) reluctant

(ハ)
(a) appeal
(b) effort
(c) rationale
(d) strategy

(ニ)
(a) cannot negate the fact that
(b) doesn't mean that
(c) fortunately suggests that
(d) often lets us forget that


設問4 本文のタイトルとしてもっとも適当なものを(a)~(d)から1つ選び、マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。

(a) Abuse of Power by Large Corporations: How Some Companies Are Forcing Their Employees to Work Overtime

(b) Major Changes Looming in Europe: Why Legal Pressure Is Forcing Companies to Expand the Work Responsibilities of Their Employees

(c) No Longer 9 to 5: The Traditional Definition of Working Hours May Be on Its Way Out

(d) Slaves of the Internet: The Frightening Reality of Today's Workplace in Many Countries


設問5 下線部(A)を日本語に直し、記述解答用紙に書きなさい。

早稲田商学部 2019問題2 解答



【問題2 文章読解 解答】



設問1
1 d
2 a
3 d
4 a

設問2
1 a
2 c
3 b

設問3
(イ) b
(ロ) c
(ハ) c
(ニ) b

設問4 c

設問5 通勤者たちは車内での時間を、仕事を片付けるために使っていた。

早稲田商学部 2019問題2 解説


【問題2 文章読解 解説】



説明文。長文を読み進めながら適語補充し、まとめて内容理解が問われます。大問2から大問5は同じ形式となります。文章内容は、スマートフォンが当たり前になった社会で、通勤時間は労働時間として計算すべきかどうかを議論しています。英語に加えて、労働法の理解があると、文章が読みやすくなります。


【重要表現】


de facto: 事実上の(ラテン語より)

at the disposal of: (物、金などが) 自由になる

早稲田商学部 2019問題2 完成文


【問題2 文章読解 完成文】



Should commuting hours count as part of the workday? This suggestion was made by university researchers in England who studied the commuting habits of thousands of business people.

It's no secret that the expansion of Wi-Fi on trains, planes and automobiles has led to the de facto expansion of the working day, tying employees to their electronic devices as they send and receive countless work emails after clocking out from their jobs.

Work-life balance has been a popular catchphrase of the modern era, in which employers provide a range of perks for their employees to get rid of the accumulated stress. But amid the emphasis on wellness programs come alarming tales like that of a 31-year-old Japanese worker who amassed more than 159 hours of overtime in one month and worked herself to death. Officials there and in other countries have moved to crack down on overworking.

Last year, France, which already has a 35-hour workweek, introduced a law requiring large companies to give their employees “the right to disconnect” and block email when they are off duty.

Similar limits have been tested in Germany, where in 2013 the Labor Ministry ordered its supervisors not to contact employees outside office hours. And in 2011, Volkswagen began shutting off its company cellphone network at the end of the workday, stopping some employees in Germany from sending or receiving email.

In Britain, workers spend an hour on average getting to and from their jobs - more in and around London – but not everyone is able to be productive in a busy rail car, where the temptation of computer games may be too strong.

Over 40 weeks in 2016 and 2017, the research team at the University of the West of England studied 5,000 commuters who traveled up to 250 miles a day for work on two busy lines that run northwest from London to Birmingham and Aylesbury. The workers were scrutinized for their use of free wireless internet on the routes. The team found that commuters were using their time on the train to get work done. The longer the route, the more work was being accomplished. Fifty-four percent of commuters on the longer route, Birmingham to London, and 36 percent on the shorter one, Aylesbury to London, were checking and sending work-related emails during the trips.

Dr. Jain, a researcher at the University of Bristol, said the study was still in its exploratory stage. Any changes in the length of the workweek would have to come from the British government.

But several European countries have proposed regulatory changes to take account of longer commutes and the seemingly permanent availability of mobile internet. And a court case decided before a European legal commission last year could affect how working time is calculated across the continent. The commission ruled that in Norway, some employees could count their commute as working time – the rationale being that while they may not be, strictly speaking, working, they are at the disposal of their employer.

This summer, France's highest court ordered a British company to pay one of its workers in France 60,000 euros (more than 70,000 dollars) in compensation, after the company required employees to have their phones on at all times to answer questions and complaints from clients and subordinates. “The right to disconnect is reminding everyone that we ought to have a reasonable attitude to new technologies,” said Ms. Sabbe-Ferri, a lawyer in Paris. “Having access to the internet around the clock doesn't mean that we should be working all the time.”

早稲田商学部 2019問題2 全訳


【問題2 文章読解 全訳】


通勤時間を就業日の一部としてカウントすべきか?この提案が、数千人のビジネスマンの通勤の習慣を調査したイギリスの大学研究者により行われた。

電車や飛行機、車の中でもWi-Fiが拡大し、従業員は就業時間外にも無数の業務メールを送受信しようと電子デバイスに縛り付けられていて、事実上就業時間の延長に繋がっていることは誰でも知っている。

ワークライフバランスという言葉が時代の人気キャッチフレーズとなって、蓄積したストレスを取り除くために雇用主は従業員にさまざまな特典を提供してきた。しかし、健康維持プログラムに重点が置かれるさなか、警鐘を鳴らす出来事が起きた。31才の日本人労働者が1か月に159時間以上の時間外労働を行い、命を落としたのである。その国(日本)も他の国の当局者も、過労を厳しく取り締まるようになった。

昨年、すでに一週35時間の規定労働時間があるフランスで、大企業は従業員に「接続しない権利」を与え、勤務時間外のメールがブロックできるという法律が導入された。

ドイツでも同様の制限が試験的に行われていて、2013年、労働省は勤務時間外に従業員に連絡しないよう監督者に命じた。そして、2011年、フォルクスワーゲン社は終業時に会社の携帯電話ネットワーク遮断を開始、ドイツの一部の従業員の電子メール送受信を停止した。

英国では、労働者は平均して1時間かけてーロンドンとその周辺ではもう少し長い時間をかけてー出勤しているが、おそらくコンピューターゲームの誘惑が強すぎる環境下、混雑した鉄道車両で誰もが生産性を発揮できているとは言えない。

2016年と2017年に40週間にわたって、イングランド西部大学の研究チームが、ロンドンからバーミンガムとアイルズベリーまで北西に走る2本の混雑路線で1日に通勤のために250マイルまで移動する5,000人を調査した。労働者たちは、ルート上の無料無線インターネットの使用について精査された。研究チームは、通勤者が電車の中で時間を使って仕事をしていることを発見した。ルートが長いほど、より多くの作業が行われていた。バーミンガムからロンドンへの長いルートの通勤者の54%、短いアイルズベリーからロンドンのルートでは36%が、移動中に仕事関連のメールをチェックして送信していた。

ブリストル大学の研究者であるジェイン博士は、この研究はまだ調査段階にあると述べた。労働時間の長さの変更は、英国政府によるものでなければならない。

しかし、ヨーロッパのいくつかの国では、より長い通勤と一見永久に見えるモバイルインターネットを考慮して、規制の変更を提案している。そして、昨年の欧州法務委員会の前に下されたある判決は、大陸全体での労働時間の計算方法に影響を及ぼす可能性がある。委員会は、ノルウェーでは、一部の従業員は通勤時間を勤務時間として数えることができると判断した。厳密に言えば働いていないかもしれないが、雇用主が自由に使える時間という理由からである。

この夏、フランスの最高裁判所は、英国の会社が、ある従業員にクライアントや部下からの質問や苦情に答えるために常に携帯電話を装着するよう要求したことに対し、その従業員に60,000ユーロ(70,000ドル以上)を支払うよう命じた。 「切断する権利とは、私たちが新しいテクノロジーに対して合理的な態度をとるべきだということを皆に思い起こさせる」と、パリの弁護士サブ・フェリ氏は語った。 「24時間インターネットにアクセスできるからといって、常に仕事をしている必要はないのです。」

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