【問題３ 文章読解】
次の英文を読み、以下の設問に答えよ。
Since World War II, the availability of food per capita in the world has increased by about ４０ percent. Today, there is sufficient food in the world to adequately feed everyone.
The Green Revolution introduced in the late １９６０s is mainly responsible for this. The Green Revolution was the right solution for the challenge of that time： to quickly increase food production and productivity based on an input-intensive agriculture. It worked. It saved hundreds of millions from hunger. But almost ５０ years later, its limits have also become ( １ ).
First, because hunger still persists - about ８１５ million people in the world suffered from undernourishment in ２０１６ on a daily basis. This clearly shows that the hunger problem nowadays is not the lack of food, but accessibility to food. In addition, the world is already facing (1)
an epidemic of overweight and obesity. In ２０１６, more than １.９ billion adults worldwide were overweight. Of those, more than ６５０ million were obese.
The second reason that the Green Revolution has reached its limits is because the increase in production and productivity has come at a high environmental cost. The widespread use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has contributed to land degradation, water pollution, and biodiversity loss.
It is time to innovate again. This time, innovation means increasing the resilience and sustainability of our food systems, especially ( ２ ) climate change. We need to put forward sustainable food systems that offer healthy, nutritious and accessible food for all, ecosystem services, and climate resilience.
The emerging field of agroecology can offer several contributions in this regard.
As a (2)
tailored combination of both science and cultural wisdom, agroecology's core elements comprise a strong emphasis on diversity, synergies, recycling, efficient use of resources, ecological and socio economic resilience, the co-creation and sharing of knowledge, and the link between human values and sustainable livelihoods. (A)
It also includes the role of culture in food traditions and the important role that responsible governance mechanisms — covering issues ranging from duration to the way that public subsidies are used – must play to support long-term investments in sustainability.
There are many ( ３ ) of the benefits of agroecology. In Trinidad and Tobago, where years of sugarcane farming led to poor-quality soils, family farmers used lemon grass to cool the ground, impede erosion, and (3)
crowd out rival weeds. This, along with a clever water recycling system, has turned even modest plots into prosperous and high-yielding fruit and vegetable operations.
In east China, farmers have (4)
engineered clever ecosystems, building elaborate networks of ditches and fish ponds to channel water and waste in a way benefiting all the phases of a circular agricultural system based for millennia on producing lucrative silkworms.
In recent years, the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has been promoting and facilitating an international debate on the potential of agroecology.
The First International Symposium on Agroecology was held at FAO Headquarters in September ２０１４, and it was followed by a series of regional meetings in Latin America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Governments, civil society, the private sector, academia, and research institutions have come together to share experiences and points of view regarding the benefits of agroecology as a new approach to make agriculture more sustainable and compatible with the ２０３０ development agenda.
FAO will now host the Second International Symposium on Agroecology, which will take place from April ３ to ５, ２０１８, also at the FAO headquarters in Rome. The aim of the Second International Symposium is to identify needs and problems that countries face in the adoption and implementation of agroecology, to evaluate the impact of dedicated public policies, and to (5)
identify the capacity building needs of the relevant institutions.
Sustainability and innovation are key words. The future of agriculture and food systems are not input-intensive, but ( ４ )-intensive. This is a new paradigm.
José Graziano da Silva.
Agroecology A Path to Sustainable Development.
設問１ 次の１から４について、本文の内容に合うものはマーク解答用紙のTの欄に、合わないものはFの欄にマークせよ。
１. It is not availability of food but accessibility to food that matters in the world today.
２. The Green Revolution is largely held responsible for a shortage of food.
３. There are many people diagnosed with obesity while there are still problems of hunger and undernutrition.
４. The problems with the Green Revolution include a negative environmental impact.
設問２ 空所( １ )～( ４ )を埋めるのにもっとも適当なものを(a)～(d)からそれぞれ１つ選び、マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。
(１)
(a) apparent
(b) complex
(c) obscure
(d) redundant
(２)
(a) in the face of
(b) in the pursuit of
(c) in the service of
(d) in the vicinity of
(３)
(a) concrete examples
(b) convincing guidelines
(c) instructive practices
(d) ongoing trials
(４)
(a) capital
(b) knowledge
(c) labor
(d) time
設問３ 下線部(1)–(5)の意味にもっとも近いものを(a)～(d)からそれぞれ１つ選び、マーク解答用紙の所定欄にマークせよ。
(１)
(a) a mysterious symptom
(b) a serious infection
(c) a valuable treatment
(d) a widespread occurrence
(２)
(a) custom-made
(b) man-made
(c) ready-made
(d) self-made
(３)
(a) bring out
(b) keep out
(c) leave out
(d) pull out
(４)
(a) developed
(b) employed
(c) preserved
(d) restored
(５)
(a) consolidate
(b) determine
(c) satisfy
(d) undermine
設問４ 下線部(A)が指し示す１語を本文から抜き出し、記述解答用紙に書きなさい。
質問と回答