早稲田大学 法学部 傾向対策解答解説 2019問題2
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早稲田法学部 2019問題2
【大問２ 文章読解】
Read the passage and answer the questions below.
“What's the best way to escape from prison?” asks the ex-convict on the other end of the phone. He told me via email that he'd been released four weeks before our phone call, but I'm starting to wonder whether I might have stumbled into an entirely different story.
"Well, I'm not really sure, to be honest with you, Matt.” I stutter down the line. “I assume the Shawshank thing doesn't work?”
“The best way to escape prison is with a book, Sophie. And no, the Shawshank thing would never work. I'm not on the run either, if that's what you're thinking.”
When Matt went into prison aged twenty- one, he'd never read a book in his life. Now, four years later, he reckons he’s finished over a thousand.
Matt's venture into literary escapism started, like many others, with Shantaram by Gregory David Roberts. “My cellmate had been reading this book for about six months. It's a thick book you know-over ９００ pages---so it takes you a while to get through it. When he finished with it he gave it to me. I hadn't read anything longer than a text message in my life and had no interest in reading, but when you're that bored you'd be surprised at the things you'll try.”
By the time Matt was released, he thinks that the copy of Shantaram that made him fall in love with reading had been read by at least eight other inmates. The sharing of books opened up conversations and debates. It gave the inmates in the category B jail he was serving in something other than their crimes to discuss.
Katy Oglethorpe runs prison book groups, facilitated by Prison Reading Groups. “In my book club at HM Prison Wandsworth, we recently read Boy in Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne,” says Katy. “It provoked a really interesting discussion about the Holocaust leading on to further conversation about personal trauma and modern right-wing politics. There is a huge range in the book club, from someone who holds an MA and has written three novels, to someone who left school at fourteen and is tentatively discovering Harry Potter. But perhaps because everyone enjoys reading, and because the opportunity to sit and discuss literature (or anything) is rare, the atmosphere is a relaxed and collaborative one---albeit a few heated discussions about the merits of female versus male writers with one of the older members of the group.”
Katy said that books that hold pertinent messages of transformation, like Shantaram, are particularly popular. “I met an ex-prisoner recently who was expelled from school at thirteen and went on to get a degree while serving a life sentence,” Katy says. “Along the way he read biographies of people who had also served sentences---Nelson Mandela, Malcolm X, Aung San Suu Kyi, Tupac---whose stories helped him craft a new identity and convince him of the possibility of not only surviving but even thriving within his environment.“
Other books that are often read include stories of self-improvement and practical guides on subjects like starting a business. Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki is a particularly popular choice. Katy says that the most requested book is the dictionary.
The Prisoners' Education Trust says that as a charity, they've seen a surge in reading, poetry writing, and letter writing in prisons from its population of ８５,５２３ (as of February １０), the members of which might not have picked up a book since primary school.
Rod Clark, Chief Executive of Prisoners' Education Trust, says, “a seemingly simple book can be incredibly valuable to someone serving a prison sentence---from teaching him or her to read, to developing a love of learning, to feeling empathy for characters, to encouraging people to tell their own stories.”
Echoing Matt's notion of escapism, Clark says that, “for people we fund to take courses in their cells, freedom doesn't have to begin when those gates are flung open in the distant future. It can begin now and be found within the pages of a book.”
Aside from the freedom that reading permits, it opens opportunities for conversations prisoners wouldn't have otherwise been able to engage in. Jordan, a current inmate, is reading The Road Less Travelled by M. Scott Peck. He's reading the book at the same time as his girlfriend, and they discuss it during her visits to him. He says that, on occasion, the book leads them to have deeper conversations that they wouldn't otherwise have.
“It's teaching me about love--both the physical and emotional side---which is something I could do with learning about. It's teaching me to examine myself and my past behavior."
Literature may encourage self-reflection and open new doors to inmates, but as it stands there have been no targeted studies into whether there is any correlation between improved literacy levels in inmates and reoffending. However, research into the Prisoners' Education Trust's courses by the Ministry of Justice’s Data Lab found a ２５ percent reduction in recidivism among inmates who took a distance learning course. These courses, seventy of which the Prisoners' Education Trust funded in ２０１６, include English Literature and Creative Writing.
While inmates like Jordan take comfort in conversations that reading offers, another current inmate, Edward, likes to read to distract himself from the chatter around him. For Edward, fiction isn't as enticing. He enjoys non-fiction because "you hear a lot of gossip in prison, but when you read a book you know it for yourself.” He says that reading has saved him from a fight with his cellmate many times. The pair are supposed to share a TV, but his cellmate doesn't like to share; they often disagree about what to watch and when. “When I have a book, I can become lost inside this world.”
Despite the obvious benefits of reading in a controversial "book ban” was introduced in November ２０１３ as part of an “incentives and earned privileges” regime. Under the plan, prisoners were unable to receive packages of books from the outside. The ban was reversed in ２０１５, and the judge, Mr. Justice Collins, said, “a book may not only be one which a prisoner may want to read but may be very useful or indeed necessary as part of a rehabilitation process."
“I've been inside for eight years, so the book ban hit me pretty hard,” says James.
“There's something homely about a book that you just don't get when you're watching TV or whatever. I used to love reading books that my wife sent me that she'd read, because I could imagine her reading each page as I was, and it makes me feel more connected with her. When that book ban came into place I lost my lifeline. It was devastating.”
James says that the book that changed his life was the The Life of Pi by Yann Martel. “When I was reading that book, I started to think about all the possibilities that life has to offer and quite often I'd sit there in my cell thinking 'what on earth have I done? What could possibly be worth trading in your whole life?' It was like the lightbulb moment I needed to accept what I'd done. Before I read it, I don't think I really understood the gravity of the crime. That book rocked my world. It changed my life - it made it ten times better.
Sophie Brown. How to Escape from Prison.
(１) Choose the ONE way to complete each of these sentences that is NOT correct according to the passage.
１ Matt
A believes that the first book he enjoyed reading was also read by other prisoners.
B didn't think that he would become a book-lover before he was sent to prison.
C had already been discharged from prison when he talked to the author.
D had chances to talk with other prisoners about the books they read.
E was illiterate when he was put in prison.
２ Katy
A observed that the discussion in the prison book groups extended to a range of related issues.
B organizes book reading groups that prisoners with different backgrounds can participate in.
C noticed that older members tend to dominate the discussion in the prison book groups.
D points out that the books prisoners can sympathize with tend to be popular among them.
E thinks that the participants in the prison book groups are generally cooperative and have discussions peacefully.
３ Literature
A allows readers to have a chance to look back on what they did in the past.
B gives prisoners a sense of freedom even when they are in prison.
c helps people to have deeper thoughts and share them with others.
D is one of the subjects prisoners can study while they serve their sentences.
E stops most prisoners from committing a crime again after they are released.
(２) Choose FOUR statements that are NOT true according to the passage. You may NOT choose more than FOUR statements.
A Biographies of famous people who experienced imprisonment are always in the highest demand among prisoners.
B Prisoners read books not only to socialize with others but also to isolate themselves from others.
C Reading books in prison has helped even an experienced reader acquire a new perspective toward his life.
D Some prisoners start talking about themselves after reading stories in books.
E Some studies clearly show that participants in prison book groups are less likely to repeat offenses after they are released from prison.
F The book ban was overturned by the court because it overlooked the value of book reading in prison.
G The Ministry of Justice offers distance-learning courses, so that prisoners can earn a degree while they are in prison.
H The Prisoners' Education Trust planned to increase the number of books they provided for prisoners in ２０１６.
(３) Choose the best way to complete each of these sentences, which relate to the underlined phrases in the passage.
１ Here “on the run” means
A running about.
B running away.
C running behind.
D running out.
E running over.
２ Here “as it stands” means
A in a sense.
B in reality.
C on the surface.
D so far as.
E to the contrary.
３ Here “came into place” means
A took care.
B took command.
C took effect.
D took off.
E took part.
(４) Choose the ONE sentence that BEST summarizes the author's main idea in the passage.
A A primary aim of running book reading programs in prison is to encourage prisoners to exchange their views with others and, as a result, build a lively mutual-support community.
B Book reading is the only effective way to educate prisoners, to urge them to reflect on the crimes they committed, and to make them ready for reentry into society.
C Given the number of successful cases of book-reading rehabilitation programs, it is important for society to make them more widely available across prisons.
D Reading books is not only an enjoyable learning experience but also a valuable opportunity for prisoners to feel a bond with others and gain mental freedom from their prison life.
E Some prisoners are so mesmerized by books that they can forget the hardships they are experiencing in prison and even feel like living in an illusionary fictional world.
(５) Find the vowel with the strongest stress in each of these words, as used in the passage. Choose the ONE which is pronounced DIFFERENTLY in each group of five.
１
A devastating
B escapism
C identity
D incentives
E tentatively
２
A convince
B facilitated
C gossip
D literature
E privileges
３
A atmosphere
B biographies
c category
D collaborative
E practical
早稲田法学部 2019問題2 解答
【大問２ 文章読解 解答】
(１)
１. E
２. C
３. E
(２)A, E, G, H
(３)
１. B
２. B
３. C
(４) D
(５)
１. B
２. C
３. B
早稲田法学部 2019問題2 解説
【大問２ 文章読解 解説】
随筆文。長文を読み進めながら適語補充し、まとめて内容理解が問われます。大問１と大問２は同じ形式となります。
文章内容は、刑務所の囚人に読書が与える影響を考察した記事です。それぞれの囚人がどのように供述しているかを、丁寧に読み取りましょう。やや口語的な表現があるので、慣れておきたいです。発音アクセントの問題もあります。
Gregory David Roberts. Shantaram.
ロバート・キヨサキ. 金持ち父さん 貧乏父さん.
【重要表現】
reoffend リオフェンド 再犯する 意味解説例文
recidivism リシディビズム 再犯 意味解説例文
cellmate セルメイト 相部屋 意味解説例文
早稲田法学部 2019問題2 完成文
制作中
早稲田法学部 2019問題2 全訳
【大問２ 文章読解 全文】
“What's the best way to escape from prison?” asks the ex-convict on the other end of the phone. He told me via email that he'd been released four weeks before our phone call, but I'm starting to wonder whether I might have stumbled into an entirely different story.
「刑務所から逃げる最善の方法は何ですか」と電話の反対側の元囚人は尋ねます。彼は私たちの電話の4週間前に自由になったと電子メールで私に言ったが、私は全く別の話に引っかかったのではないかと思い始めている。
"Well, I'm not really sure, to be honest with you, Matt.” I stutter down the line. “I assume the Shawshank thing doesn't work?”
「まあ、正直に言うと、よくわからないよ、マット」私は言い訳をします。「ショーシャンクのことはうまくいかないと思いますが」
[訳中：ショーシャンクとは、刑務所から脱走する意味の隠語です。スティーブン・キングの小説ショーシャンクの空に由来しています]
“The best way to escape prison is with a book, Sophie. And no, the Shawshank thing would never work. I'm not on the run either, if that's what you're thinking.”
「刑務所から逃げる最善の方法は、本を読むことです。ソフィー。そしていや、ショーシャンク的なものは決して上手くいきません。もしそれがあなたが考えていることなら、私も[他の囚人たちのように]実行中ではありません」
When Matt went into prison aged twenty- one, he'd never read a book in his life. Now, four years later, he reckons he’s finished over a thousand.
マットが２１歳で刑務所に入ったとき、彼は人生で本を読んだ経験がなかった。４年後の現在、彼は１０００[冊]を超えたと自認しています。
Matt's venture into literary escapism started, like many others, with Shantaram by Gregory David Roberts. “My cellmate had been reading this book for about six months. It's a thick book you know-over ９００ pages---so it takes you a while to get through it. When he finished with it he gave it to me. I hadn't read anything longer than a text message in my life and had no interest in reading, but when you're that bored you'd be surprised at the things you'll try.”
文学による現実逃避へのマットの冒険は、他の多くの人と同様に、グレゴリー・デイヴィッド・ロバーツのシャンタラムから始まりました。 「私の相部屋の囚人は、約６カ月間この本を読んでいました。知っての通り、９００ページ以上の厚い本です---それで読了するには時間がかかります。 彼がそれを終えたとき、彼はそれを私に与えました。私は人生で[メールやチャットなどの]テキストメッセージよりも長いものを読んだことがなく、読書に興味がありませんでしたが、もし人間がそこまで退屈しているときならば、人間は自分が驚くようなことに挑戦します」
By the time Matt was released, he thinks that the copy of Shantaram that made him fall in love with reading had been read by at least eight other inmates. The sharing of books opened up conversations and debates. It gave the inmates in the category B jail he was serving in something other than their crimes to discuss.
マットが釈放される頃には、彼は読書に夢中になったシャンタラムの１冊が、少なくとも８人の他の受刑者に読まれていたと考えています。書籍の共有は、会話と議論を開きました。 彼が服役しているカテゴリーB刑務所の受刑者たちに、彼らが犯す犯罪以外の何かについて議論するものを与えました。
Katy Oglethorpe runs prison book groups, facilitated by Prison Reading Groups. “In my book club at HM Prison Wandsworth, we recently read Boy in Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne,” says Katy. “It provoked a really interesting discussion about the Holocaust leading on to further conversation about personal trauma and modern right-wing politics. There is a huge range in the book club, from someone who holds an MA and has written three novels, to someone who left school at fourteen and is tentatively discovering Harry Potter. But perhaps because everyone enjoys reading, and because the opportunity to sit and discuss literature (or anything) is rare, the atmosphere is a relaxed and collaborative one---albeit a few heated discussions about the merits of female versus male writers with one of the older members of the group.”
ケイティ・オグレソープは、刑務所の読書会を主催し、プリズン・リーディング・グループにより後援されています。「HM刑務所ワンドワースの私の読書会では、最近、ジョン・ボインの縞模様パジャマの少年を読みました」とケイティは言います。「それは、個人的なトラウマと現代の右翼政治についてのさらなる会話につながるホロコーストについての、非常に興味深い議論を引き起こしました。読書会には、修士号を持ち、３つの小説を書いた人から、１４歳で学校を出てハリー・ポッターを暫定的に発見している人まで、広い範囲があります。しかし、おそらく誰もが読書を楽しんでおり、文学(または何か)を座って議論する機会がまれであるため、雰囲気は寛いでいて協力的なものです---とはいっても女性作家と男性作家の長所についてのいくつかの白熱した議論が古参会員の１人からはあります」
Katy said that books that hold pertinent messages of transformation, like Shantaram, are particularly popular. “I met an ex-prisoner recently who was expelled from school at thirteen and went on to get a degree while serving a life sentence,” Katy says. “Along the way he read biographies of people who had also served sentences---Nelson Mandela, Malcolm X, Aung San Suu Kyi, Tupac---whose stories helped him craft a new identity and convince him of the possibility of not only surviving but even thriving within his environment.“
ケイティは、シャンタラムのように、自己啓発の適切な応援を含む本が、特に人気があると言いました。「最近、１３歳で退学し、終身刑を務めながら学位を取得した元囚人に会いました」とケイティは言います。 「勉強の流れで、彼は裁判宣告を受けた人々の伝記を読んでいます---ネルソンマンデラ、マルコムX、アウンサンスーチー、トゥパック---彼らの物語は、彼が新しい自己像を構築し、生き残るだけでなく、彼の境遇で活躍さえすることの、可能性を確信させました」
Other books that are often read include stories of self-improvement and practical guides on subjects like starting a business. Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki is a particularly popular choice. Katy says that the most requested book is the dictionary.
よく読まれる他の本には、自己啓発の話や、事業経営を始めるなどの題材に関する実践的な手引が含まれています。ロバート・キヨサキによる金持ち父さん貧乏父さんは、特に人気のある選択肢です。ケイティは、最も要求のある本は辞書だと言います。
The Prisoners' Education Trust says that as a charity, they've seen a surge in reading, poetry writing, and letter writing in prisons from its population of ８５,５２３ (as of February １０), the members of which might not have picked up a book since primary school.
プリズン・エデュケーション・トラストは、慈善団体として、刑務所での読書、詩の執筆、および手紙の執筆が急増していると言い、８５５２３人の(2月10日現在)の会員があり、その会員の１部は小学校以来１冊の本も手に取っていなかったかもしれません。
Rod Clark, Chief Executive of Prisoners' Education Trust, says, “a seemingly simple book can be incredibly valuable to someone serving a prison sentence---from teaching him or her to read, to developing a love of learning, to feeling empathy for characters, to encouraging people to tell their own stories.”
プリズン・エデュケーション・トラストの最高経営責任者であるロッド・クラークは、次のように述べています。「一見単純な本は、刑を宣告された人にとって非常に貴重なものです。読書を教えることから、学習への愛着を育むこと、人物に共感を感じること、人々に自分の物語を語ることを奨励することまで」
Echoing Matt's notion of escapism, Clark says that, “for people we fund to take courses in their cells, freedom doesn't have to begin when those gates are flung open in the distant future. It can begin now and be found within the pages of a book.”
マットの現実逃避の概念を反映して、クラークは次のように述べています。 「刑務所内の講座を受講するために資金提供している人々にとっては、遠い将来に[刑期を終えて]これらの[刑務所の外への]門が開かれたときに、自由を開始する必要はありません。今すぐ開始でき、紙面のうちに[自由を]見つけることができます。
Aside from the freedom that reading permits, it opens opportunities for conversations prisoners wouldn't have otherwise been able to engage in. Jordan, a current inmate, is reading The Road Less Travelled by M. Scott Peck. He's reading the book at the same time as his girlfriend, and they discuss it during her visits to him. He says that, on occasion, the book leads them to have deeper conversations that they wouldn't otherwise have.
読書がもたらす自由は別として、それは、もしなければ囚人が従事することはできなかったであろう会話の機会を、開きます。現在受刑者であるジョーダンは、M・スコット・ペックの「旅の少ない道」を読みます。彼は恋人と同時に本を読んでおり、彼女が彼を訪れたときに、それについて話し合っています。 彼は、時折、この本は、もしそうでなければ彼らがしなかったであろうよりも、深い会話を持つように彼らを導くと言います。
“It's teaching me about love--both the physical and emotional side---which is something I could do with learning about. It's teaching me to examine myself and my past behavior."
「それは私に愛について教えてくれています。肉体的および感情的な両方の面で。それは私が学ぶことができるものでした。自分自身と私の過去の行動を、点検するように教えています」
Literature may encourage self-reflection and open new doors to inmates, but as it stands there have been no targeted studies into whether there is any correlation between improved literacy levels in inmates and reoffending. However, research into the Prisoners' Education Trust's courses by the Ministry of Justice’s Data Lab found a ２５ percent reduction in recidivism among inmates who took a distance learning course. These courses, seventy of which the Prisoners' Education Trust funded in ２０１６, include English Literature and Creative Writing.
文学作品は自己反省を促し、受刑者に新しい扉を開く可能性がありますが、現状では、受刑者の読解力の向上と再犯防止との間に、相関関係があるかどうかを対象とした研究はありません。しかし、司法省の統計研究所によるプリズン・エデュケーション・トラスト講座への調査では、遠隔学習講座を受講した受刑者の間では、常習犯の２５％の減少が見つかりました。これらの講座は、そのうち７０がプリズン・エデュケーション・トラストによる２０１６年の資金提供で、英文学と文章創作講座が含まれています。
While inmates like Jordan take comfort in conversations that reading offers, another current inmate, Edward, likes to read to distract himself from the chatter around him. For Edward, fiction isn't as enticing. He enjoys non-fiction because "you hear a lot of gossip in prison, but when you read a book you know it for yourself.” He says that reading has saved him from a fight with his cellmate many times. The pair are supposed to share a TV, but his cellmate doesn't like to share; they often disagree about what to watch and when. “When I have a book, I can become lost inside this world.”
ジョーダンのような受刑者は読書が提供する議論に安らぎを感じますが、現在の別の受刑者であるエドワードは、彼の周りのおしゃべりから気を散らすために、本を読むのが好きです。エドワードにとって、虚構物語はそれほど魅力的ではありません。「刑務所で多くの噂話を聞いているが、自分で本を読んでいる時は、自分のために知識を得ている」読書は、彼を相部屋の囚人との喧嘩から、何度も救済してくれると、彼は言います。2人はテレビを共有するように定められていたが、彼の相部屋人は、共有したくありませんでした。彼らは、いつ、何を視聴するのかについて、しばしば意見が割れました。「本がある時は、この[本の中の]世界に没頭できました」
Despite the obvious benefits of reading in a controversial "book ban” was introduced in November ２０１３ as part of an “incentives and earned privileges” regime. Under the plan, prisoners were unable to receive packages of books from the outside. The ban was reversed in ２０１５, and the judge, Mr. Justice Collins, said, “a book may not only be one which a prisoner may want to read but may be very useful or indeed necessary as part of a rehabilitation process."
論争の的となっている読書の明らかな利点にもかかわらず、「本禁止法案」が2013年11月に導入されました。これは「誘引と獲得した特権」制度の一環でした。この計画では、囚人は外部から本の差し入れを受け取ることができませんでした。 禁止法案は２０１５年に撤回され、裁判官ジャスティス・コリンズは「本は囚人が読みたいと思うだけでなく、更正過程で非常に役立つか、実際に必要になるものかもしれない」と言った。
“I've been inside for eight years, so the book ban hit me pretty hard,” says James.
「私は8年前から中にいるので、この本の禁止は私をかなり苦しめました」とジェームズは言います。
“There's something homely about a book that you just don't get when you're watching TV or whatever. I used to love reading books that my wife sent me that she'd read, because I could imagine her reading each page as I was, and it makes me feel more connected with her. When that book ban came into place I lost my lifeline. It was devastating.”
「テレビなどを見ていると手に入らない本には、家庭的なものがあります。私は妻が読んで私に送った本を読むのが大好きでした。なぜなら、彼女が私のようにそれぞれのページを読んでいるのを想像することができたからで、彼女と結びついているように感じられました。その本の禁止が定まったとき、私は生命線を失いました。壊滅的でした」
James says that the book that changed his life was the The Life of Pi by Yann Martel. “When I was reading that book, I started to think about all the possibilities that life has to offer and quite often I'd sit there in my cell thinking 'what on earth have I done? What could possibly be worth trading in your whole life?' It was like the lightbulb moment I needed to accept what I'd done. Before I read it, I don't think I really understood the gravity of the crime. That book rocked my world. It changed my life - it made it ten times better.
ジェームズは、彼の人生を変えた本は、ヤン・マーテルの 「人生のパイ」だと言います。「私はその本を読んでいた時、私は人生が提供しなければならないすべての可能性について考え始め、非常によく牢獄に座りながら「私は一体全体何をしてしまったのだ。私の全人生で何と交換する価値ができたのだろうか」と考えました。私がしてしまったことを受け入れるために必要な瞬間は、まさしく電球のようでした。それを読む前に、私は犯罪の重さを本当に理解していないと思います。その本は私の世界を揺るがしました。それは私の人生を変えました。それはそれを[人生を]１０倍良くしました。
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