Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.
[A]
The press, politicians, and other opinion leaders encourage fears about particular groups of people both by what they emphasize and what they neglect. Consider Americans' fears of black men. These are perpetuated by the excessive attention paid to dangers that a small percentage of African-Americans create for other people, and by a relative lack of attention to dangers that a majority of black men face themselves.
[B]
The dangers to black men fade from news coverage whenever people paint color-blind pictures of hazards that particularly threaten African-American men: discussions of disease trends that fail to mention that black men are four times more likely to be infected with the AIDS virus and twice as likely to suffer from prostate cancer and heart disease than are white men; reports about rises in teen suicide rates that neglect to note evidence that the rate for white males crept up only ２% between １９８０ and １９９５ while the rate for black males jumped １４６% or explorations of how difficult it is to maintain a middle-class lifestyle that ignore how this problem is more acute for black men (for example, college-educated black men earn only as much as white men with high-school diplomas).
[C]
The most glaring omissions occur in the coverage of crime. Many more black men are casualties of crime than are criminals themselves, but their victimization does not attract the media spotlight the way their crimes do. Thanks to massive coverage of violent crime on local TV news programs, “night after night, black men rob and rape in the living room,” journalism teacher Caryl Rivers has remarked. Dozens of studies document that when it comes to victims of crime, however, the media pay disproportionately more attention to whites and women.
[D]
On occasion, the degree of attention becomes so distorted that reporters start seeing patterns where none exist—the massively publicized "wave” of tourist murders in Florida in the early １９９０s being a memorable example. By chance alone every decade or two there should be an unusually high number of tourists murdered in Florida, statistician Arnold Bennett demonstrated in a journal article. The increase that so caught the reporters' fancy ---ten tourists killed in a year---was labeled a crime wave because the media chose to label it as such.
[E]
Objectively speaking, ten murders out of four million visitors did not even constitute a ripple, much less a wave, especially considering that at least ９７% of all victims of crime in Florida are Floridians. Although the Miami area had the highest crime rate in the nation during this period, it was not tourists who had most cause for worry. One study showed that British, German, and Canadian tourists who flock to Florida each year to avoid winter weather were more than ７０ times more likely to be victimized at home. The typical victim of crime in Florida, though largely invisible in the news, was young, local, and black or Hispanic.
(４２) Which of the following statements can be made with most certainty on the basis of paragraph [A]?
１. The media pay too much attention to dangers created by a small percent of black people.
２. The media pay too much attention to dangers created by a large percent of black people.
３. The media pay too much attention to dangers faced by a small percent of black people.
４. The media pay too little attention to dangers created by a large percent of black people.
５. The media pay too little attention to dangers faced by a small percent of black people.
(４３) What is the main point made by the author in paragraph [B]?
１. Black men suffer disproportionately from certain health problems.
２. Disproportionately more black teenagers commit suicide than their white counterparts.
３. Many white men with less education earn more than black men with more education.
４. White men in general are wealthier, healthier, and better educated than black men.
５. The media often fail to publicize the harms faced by black men.
(４４) Which of the following statements cannot be made with certainty on the basis of paragraph [C]?
１. The media focus on black criminals more than on black victims of crime.
２. The media frequently promote images of black men committing crimes.
３. The media often fail to report black victims in crimes committed by white people.
４. The media focus on white victims and female victims of crime more than on black ones.
５. The media often fail to report fairly on crimes involving black men.
(４５) What is the main point made by the author in paragraph [D]?
１. The media sometimes incorrectly describe random occurrences as forming a trend.
２. A large number of tourists were once killed in Florida.
３. The killing of as many as ten tourists in one year in Florida is still remembered.
４. A sudden increase in the number of murders in Florida is statistically natural.
５. The media greatly publicize crime waves that are predicted by statisticians.
(４６) Which of the following statements cannot be made with certainty on the basis of paragraph [E]?
１. The murder of ten out of four million tourists to Florida is statistically small.
２. The overwhelming majority of crime victims in Florida are local residents, not tourists.
３. The state of Florida once ranked worst in the U.S. for homicide.
４. Some foreign visitors are drawn to Florida by its mild winter climate.
５. The media paint a misleading picture of who are commonly crime victims in Florida.
[F]
To suggest that all Americans have a realistic chance of being a victim of homicide is to heighten already elevated anxieties among people who face little risk. In spite of the impression given by stories like the one in Time titled “Danger in the Safety Zone: Violence Spreads into Small Towns,” which focused on random murders in several small towns throughout the country, tens of millions of Americans live in places where there hasn't been a murder in years, and most of the rest of us live in towns and neighborhoods where murder is a rare occurrence.
[G]
Who does stand a realistic chance of being murdered? You guessed it: minority males. A black man is about eighteen times more likely to be murdered than is a white woman. As a whole, the murder rate for black men is double the rate of American soldiers killed in World War II. And for black men between the ages of １５ and ３０, violence is the single leading cause of death.
[H]
Underreporting of black victims also has the effect of making white victims appear more commonplace than they are, thereby fueling whites' fears of black criminals. Professor of journalism, Helen Benedict, has documented that rapes of white women by black men, （ X ）, receive considerable media attention. In a separate study of women's concerns about crime, sociologist Esther Madriz discovered that stories in the news media “reinforce a vision of society in which black men are foremost among women's fears."
[I]
The tendency to neglect black victims extends even to coverage of undeniably newsworthy crimes such as shootings of police by fellow officers. While some journalists make note of the fact that black officers say their white colleagues are quick to fire at African Americans working undercover because they view them as suspects, no reporter, to my knowledge, has investigated the issue. Media critic Richard Goldstein reviewed the coverage of one such shooting and found that only one newspaper noted the fact that, since １９４１, ２０ black police officers in New York had been shot by white colleagues. During that time not a single white officer had been shot by a black cop. “Imagine,” wrote Goldstein, “the shockhorror if ２０ female officers had been shot by male cops. But when it comes to race, the more obvious the pattern, the more obscure it seems.”
Barry Glassner, The Culture of Fear: Why Americans Are Afraid of the Wrong Things,
(４７) What is the main point made by the author in paragraph [F]?
１. Shocking stories alert Americans to the possible dangers of crime.
２. Shocking headlines fuel unrealistic fears of becoming a victim of murder.
３. Murders in small towns are still rare, but there is nonetheless a growing danger of them.
４. The media sometimes exaggerate the murder rate in small towns to create an impact.
５. Americans display unreasonable anxiety about growing murder rates in small towns.
(４８) Which of the following statements can be made with most certainty on the basis of paragraph [G]?
１. Black men are more likely to die by murder than are black women.
２. Only a small number of white women are murdered each year.
３. A surprisingly large number of soldiers were killed in World War II.
４. A disproportionately large number of black men were killed in World War II.
５. Young black men are most likely to die by violence.
(４９) — (５０) A portion of paragraph [H] marked by the bracketed space ( X ) has been removed
from the text and the words that make it up are rearranged below in alphabetical order. Decide what was the original order and mark the numbers of the third and seventh words as the answers to questions (４９) and (５０), respectively, on your answer sheet.
１. a
２. constitute
３. of
４. proportion
５. rapes
６. tiny
７. total
８. which
(５１) Which of the following statements can be made with most certainty on the basis of paragraph [H]?
１. There are fewer white victims than the media lead Americans to believe.
２. White people's fear of black criminals is completely unfounded.
３. The media frequently fail to cover rapes of black women by white men.
４. A sociological study reveals that white women are afraid of black criminals.
５. Women fear black men only because of exaggerated media reporting of crime.
(５２) Which of the following statements can be made with most certainty on the basis of paragraph [ I ]?
１. Dozens of black undercover police officers have been killed by white officers in New York.
２. Tens of female police officers have been shot by male officers in New York.
３. Only a few white police officers have been shot by black officers in New York.
４. Only a handful of news reports have noted the killing of black police officers in New York.
５. People are sensitive to sexual prejudice but blind to racial prejudice.
(５３) What would be the most appropriate title for this entire reading text?
１. “Kill or Get Killed: The Story of African-American Crime”
２. “The Media on Crime: Perpetuating Anxiety and Racism”
３. “Racial Prejudice: The Plight of African Americans"
４. “The Public Betrayed: Truth and Lies in the Media"
５. “The Sins of the Media: Fake News and False Crime”
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