【英語長文教材 Film Production 問題】
Film Production has five stages: development, pre-production, production, post-production, and distribution.
Each stage varies in length, and different roles suit different stages.
If you want to enter into the Film Industry, you will slot into one or a few of these stages in the role you pursue.
The first stage is called development(企画). In development, a producer thinks of a project or a writer starts penning words on a page. Draft scripts are written while considering possible locations. A preliminary budget is made, key casts are attached, and key creatives are chosen.
The number of film crews involved in the development stage is limited, compared to all the other stages. It must be a small group of creatives and executives crafting the story and budget.
Development can take months or even years before Green-lighting. Green-lighting means that the major studio has approved the idea and will finance the project. Sometimes the project is funded independently and called "indie film".
Once the project is green-lit, it will move into the next stage.
The second stage is pre-production(段取), colloquially abbreviated as "pre."
This stage sets up schedules for the actual sites. Scripts are often amended and budgets are adjusted. Actors are cast and crews are hired about eight weeks before shooting the film.
The third stage is Production(制作). The Writer, Director, Producer, and countless other creative minds finally see their ideas captured on film, one day at a time.
Production is the most exhausting stage. Casts are only contracted for a certain timeframe. Film equipment rental fees may be on a daily basis or even on an hourly basis.
Crews come and go all day long in order to be as efficient as possible. The crews work extremely hard during this period to see the project successfully completed on time.
The fourth stage is Post-Production(編集). We already have some footage and start editing it. Along with cutting the video, the sound is mixed. VFX, Visual Effects(特撮), are added.
Post-production can begin while the shoot is still going, as soon as the footage is gathered. This helps to identify problems with the footage or any gaps in the story. If needed, shots can be picked up in later days.
The fifth stage is Distribution(配給). This can be cinema distribution, selling to a TV network, or webstream.
Distribution is the final stage in a project for producers looking to make a return-on-investment. The producers are responsible for the marketing strategy to ensure millions of audience and billions of return. With the digital age, viewers are watching content in new and different ways.
If the producer fails to make a good film distribution, nobody views the final product and covers the cost of the project. If the producer succeeds, a new cycle begins for dreamers.
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